Ncert 7th history lesson 3:The delhi sultan

 Fill in the blanks.

1. Special slaves were called Bandagan.

2. The only woman sultan was Raziya.

3. Muqti was checked by accountants of king.

4. A garrison is a fortified settlements. 

5. The last tughluq ruler was firoz shah tughluq.

Answer in one or two words.

1. Which ruler first established his or her capital at delhi?

Tamara Rajputs were the first rulers to establish their capital at delhi.

2. What was the language of administration under the Delhi sultans?

Persian language. 

3. In whose reign did the sultanate reach its farthest extent?

Muhammad Tughluq's reign. 

4. Do you think the author of tawarikh would provide information about the lives of ordinary men and women?

No, they mostly wrote about sultans only to get rich rewards.

Answer the following. 

1. According to the 'circle of justice', why was it important for military commanders to keep the interests of the peasantry in mind?

Soldiers received their salaries from the revenue collected from peasants. That is why military commanders kept the interest of peasants in their mind.

2. What is meant by the 'internal ' and 'external' frontiers of the sultanate?

Internal frontier of the sultanate meant the hinterland of the cities. The external frontiers of the sultanate were areas which were not under the control of the sultan.

3. Write a short note on Raziya sultan.

• Iltutmish nominated his daughter as his successor in 1236.
• She was the only woman sultan to rule over India. 
• Being a woman, she faced great opposition and rebellion from the nobles. She was brave ,intelligent and a just ruler.
• However,  she was defeated by altunia,the governor of sirhind.
• She later married altunia to recover the throne. 
• However, the nobles plotted against her and she was put to death in 1240 as they found in humiliating to work at her command.

4. What were the steps taken to ensure that muqtis performed their duties? Why do you think they may have wanted do defy the order of the sultan?

• The office  of the muqtis was made non-inheritable.
• They were given iqtas for a short period of time before being shifted.
• Accountants were appointed by the state to check amount of revenue collected by the muqtis.
• Vigil was maintained to see that muqtis collected only the taxes fixed by the state only.
• He was allowed to keep only the required quantity of soldiers.

5. What was the impact of the Mongol invasions on the Delhi sultanate?

• As s result of Mongol invasion on delhi ,the sultans raised a large and well equipped army.
• To match the expenses of such a large number of soliders additional taxes had to be collected. 
• Allauddin who faced the maximum of such attacks, paid salary in cash to soliders.
• Muhammad Tughluq started token currency to pay soliders.
• Internal problem within the ganga-yamuna doab developed for Delhi sultans as they tired to shop Mongol invasions.